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高中英语语法:虚拟语气与真实条件句

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真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:
句型 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词一般现在时
例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B.真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

  有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如:
  If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。
  (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
  If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today (现在)。如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。

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 1)虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
  a. 与现在事实相反的假设
  条件从句   主句
  一般过去时(be用were)   should(would)等 +动词原形
  例如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的。
  含义:They are not here, they can‘t help you.
  b. 与过去事实相反的假设
  条件从句   主句
  过去完成时   should(would)等+ have+ 过去分词
  例如:If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。
  含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
  c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
  条件从句   主句
  一般过去时   should/would等 + 动词原形
  were+ 不定式
  should+ 动词原形
  例如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。
  If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
  If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
  含义:You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.





高中英语语法:虚拟语气与真实条件句
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