高中英语语法 省略

标签：高中英语语法大全,高中英语语法总结,http://www.350xue.com 高中英语语法 省略,
省略
简单句中的省略
1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。
(1) (I) Thank you for your help.
(2) (I) See you tomorrow.
(3) (It) Doesn’t matter.
(4) (I) Beg your pardon
2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分
(1) (There is) No smoking .
(2) (Is there) Anything wrong ?
(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?
(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?
(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?
3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:
(1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there).
(2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).
(3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
(4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.
4、省略表语
(1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). 
www.350xue.com
(2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).
5、同时省略几个成分
(1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
(2) –-Have you finished your work ?
---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.
主从复合句中的省略
1、主句中有一些成分被省略
(1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill.
(2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.
2、主句中有一些成分被省略
(1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so.
(2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us.
(3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not.
(4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not.
这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not.
并列句中的省略
两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
(1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. 
www.350xue.com
其他省略
1、连词的that省略
(1)宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。
(2) 在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外，凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。
2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分
(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.
(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.
(3) If (you are) asked you may come in.
(4) If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
3、不定式符号to的省略
(1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
(2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带.
I will help (to) do it for you.
I will help you (to) do it.
（3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to.
The boy did nothing but play.
(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree. 
www.350xue.com
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
The boss made us work 12 hours a day.
We were made to work 12 hours a day.
(5) 主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。
All we can do now is (to) wait.
(6) find 当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。
We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment.
但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。
She found him to be dishonest.
4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。
(1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us.
(2) Were I you, I would do the work better.
(3）Should there be a flood, what should we do?
5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
●难点磁场
1.(★★★★)John plays football________,if not better than,David.
A.as well B.as well as
C.so well D.so well as 
www.350xue.com
2.(★★★★★)If you go to Xi’an ,you’ll find the places there more magnificent than commonly________.
A.supposing B.supposed
C.to suppose D.suppose
3.(★★★★)—What do you think made Mary so upset?
—________ her bicycle.
A.As she lost B.Lost
C.Losing D.Because of losing
4.(★★★★★)I thought her nice and honest________ I met her.
A.first time B.for the first time
C.the first time D.by the first time
5.(★★★★)Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has________IQ. (NMET 2002)
A.a high B.a higher
C.the higher D.the highest
6.(★★★★)—You should have thanked her before she left.
—I meant________,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
(2002年上海春季)
A.to do B.to
C.doing D.doing so
●案例探究 
www.350xue.com
1.—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
—________.
A.I don’t believe B.I don’t believe it
C.I believe not so D.I believe not
命题意图：此题考查not在宾语从句中的“替代性”省略。此题属四星级题。
知识依托：“so”可代替某些动词后的宾语从句，但绝不能用it或that。这些常用的动词有：believe,be afraid,expect,hope,imagine,suppose等。例：
—Is she going to the party tonight?
—I think so./I hope so.
其否定有两种：①动词用否定结构。
②用not代替so。
又如：—Do you think he will pass the exam?
—I don’t think so./I think not.前者更常用。
错解分析：A项应为I don’t believe so。
C项否定也应否定谓语。
解题方法与技巧：根据具体语言环境，正确运用表达观点的方法。
答案：D
2.________ for the free ticket,I would not have gone to the films so often.
A.If it is not B.Were it not
C.Had it not been D.If there were to 
www.350xue.com
命题意图：旨在考查虚拟条件中if的省略。此题属五星级题。
知识依托：跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句结构为If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+would/could/might do…当if省略时，将had提主句首，即
Had+主语+过去分词，主语+would/could/might do…
错解分析：A项不是虚拟语气结构。
B项是跟现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
D项是跟将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
解题方法与技巧：从题干的后一句话入手，可看出I would not have gone to…是跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，故答案为C。译为：要不是因为票是免费的，我也就不会经常去看电影了。
答案：C
3.—You ought to have given them some advice.
—________,but who cared what I asked?
A.So it was B.So I ought to have
C.So I did D.So I ought to
命题意图：考查ought to后作宾语的不定式的省略。此题属五星级题。
知识依托：ought to, want, hope等动词后可省略作宾语的不定式短语，但该宾语若是be动词或动词的完成时，则需在to后加be或have。

[1] [2]  下一页

高中英语语法 省略