语法复习十八：数 词

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语法复习十八：数 词
高考重点要求：
1．掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。
2．掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。
数词在各个题项中，单选、阅读、听力、写作中发挥着很强的作用，往往用以说明事实的精确性和可信性。数词是由两大部分构成的即基数词和序数词，而其他数字表示法如分数，小数等均由这两大部分的不同组合而构成。
（一）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：
范 围 特 点 实 例
1~12 无规律 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19 以teen为结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90 以ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99 十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-” twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999 百位与十位之间通常用and three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）
千以上 6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred
（二）序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：
范 围 特 点 实 例
1~19 各基数词尾加th 其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — forth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth
20,30~90 把y变i后加eth twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位数 最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词 21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth

（三）数词的用法：
1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表
示例 英语表示法
2001．6．30 June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001
7：25 seven twenty-five twenty-five past even
12:54 twelve fifty four six to one
9:15 nine fifteen a quarter past nine
2:30 two thirty half past two
21:50 twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.
第21 twenty-first
第123 one hundred and twenty-third

a half

two and two-fifths
20% 20 per cent 20 percent
第七路公共汽车 Bus Number Seven
第201房间 Room 201
人民路153号 153 Renmin Road
4+8 =12 Four plus eight is twelve
11-7=4 Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30 Six times five is thirty.
20÷5=4 twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B A is more than B.
A＜B A is less than B.
A≈B A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.
A≠B A is not equal to B.
2.约数表示法列表
含义 英语表达 例句
大于某数 more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.
over she is over fifty.
or more There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某数 less than I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.
under Children under seven are not allowed to enter.
below He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.
or less The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大约（某数） nearly She is nearly fifty now.
almost Its almost three o'clock.
up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.
or He spent four or five days writing the article.
or so The distance is twenty miles or so.
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about I visited that village about three years ago.
some Their team has some four or five players.
more or less The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.
around/round Let's make it round/around eight o'clock.
3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表
被修饰名词的数 英语表达 汉译
修饰可数名词 dozens of 几十、许多
scores of 许多
many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词) 许多、大量
hundreds of 数以百计
thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of 成千上万
millions of 数百万
billions of 亿万
修饰不可数名词 much , a great (good)deal of ,
a large amount of ,large amounts of 许多、大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词 a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, 　　a large quantity of ,
large quantities of 许多、大量

练习、数 词
1. Two __died of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
2. He was only in__ at the time.
A. his 20's B. the 20's C. his twenties D. the twenties
3. The two great men wrote those letters in__ .
　　A. 1870's B. 1879s C. the 1870's D. the 1870
4. I wonder if I can ask him__ time.
　 A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth
5. He came out__ in the track events.
　 A. first B. one C. the first D. the one
6. It was in 1939 that __broke out.
　 A. World War Second B. the World War Second　 C. Second World War D. World War II
7. You'll have to spend __writing your report here.
　 A. one day or two days B. one day or two 　C. a day or two D. two days or one
8. He cut the cake__ .
　 A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half
9. The earth is nearly__ the moon.
　 A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of
10. Either you or the headmaster __the prizes for these gifted students at the meeting.
　 A. is handing in B. are to hand out 　 C. are handing in D. is to hand out
11. __of the population here are peasants.
　 A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents
12. It's about__ , the thickness of a human hair.
　 A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths C. two fifteen D. two fifteens
13. The price of such material was reduced__ .
　 A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent
14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth__ water.
　 A. is B. are C. was D. were
15. They sold __boxes of such sweets last week.
　 A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen of
16. It took me __ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.
　 A. a half dozen B. half a dozen C. haft dozens D. half dozen
17.__people were sent there to help fight against the flood.
　 A. Three scores of B. Three score of C. Three score D. Three scores
18. Don't leave you work,__ .
　 A. done half B. half done C. a half done D. done a half
19. Nobody can do two things well __ .
　A. at one time B. at once C. one time D. once
20. He has__ books in his study.
　 A. several thousands B. some thousands of C. some thousands D. some thousand of
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21. On National day__ people take part in all kinds of celebration.
　 A. hundreds of millions of　　 B. millions of hundred of
　 C. hundreds millions of　　　 D. millions hundreds of
22. He has lived at__ for 30 years.
　 A. No. 101 Heping Street　B. 101 Heping Street C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 101
23. You can find him in__ .
　 A. Room 201　　 B.201 Room　　 C. the Room 20　　D. the 201 Room
24. It's__ walk from here to my school.
　 A. two - hours　　 B. two hours　　 C. two - hour　　 D. a two - hour
25. It was in__ when he was already in ___ that he went to Yan'an.
　 A. the 1940s, the 40s　B. the 1940s, his forties C. 1940's, his forties 　 D. the 1940's, his 40s
26. He went to the market and bought __eggs and some meat.
　 A. three dozen of B. three dozen C. three dozens 　 D. three dozens of

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语法复习十八：数 词