高中英语语法 谈谈虚拟语气

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5.1.3 将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)，从句动词用"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后):
　1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
　　 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
　2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
　　 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
　3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
　　 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
　4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
　　 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)
　5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
　　 (只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(五)
5.2　除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，其谓语用："should + 动词原形"表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气：
* suggest (建议), recommend (推荐), advise (劝告), propose (建议)
* insist (坚持), consent (允诺)
* decide (决定), order (命令) 
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* request (要求), demand (要求), desire (期望), ask (要求)
* maintain (主张), urge (催促)
1.I suggest that we (should 可省略,下同) start the meeting at once.
　(suggest, should + start) (表示建议立即开会)
2.The doctor suggested that he (should ) try to lose his weight.
　(suggested, should + try) (表示建议你应该减肥喔)
3. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any mains.
　(insisted, should + be) (表示坚持,无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩！)
4. He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.
　(insisted, should + tell) (表示非要你告诉他不可)
5. He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.
　(ordered, should + wash) (表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)
六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：
下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用"should + 动词原形" 表示虚拟语气：
* demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求)
* advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)
* order (命令)
* necessity (必要地), preference (优先) 
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* proposal (计划), plan (计划),　idea (办法)
1.The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.
　(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)
2. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
　(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)
3. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
　(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划)
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(六)
七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
　　句型：It is (或was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that …… +should + 动词原形……
　　句子：It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do)
常用的形容词：
* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)
* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)
* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)
* desirable (极好的)
常用的过去分词(Past Participle):
* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)
* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐) 
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* orderd (命令)
1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.
　(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)
2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
　(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)
3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
　(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)
4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.
　(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)
5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.
　(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(七)
八、虚拟语气在条件从句(Protasis)中的用法：
条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是"真实条件句"。如：
1. If time permits, we'll go fishing together.
　(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）
如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为"虚拟条件句"。如：
1. If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
　（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 
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这回我们要谈的就是关于"虚拟条件句"的一些句型。
* 这种句子一般由"从句"（Subordinate Clause)和"主句"(Main Clause)组成。如上
例：
　If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
　"If it had rained yesterday" 就是"从句"；"we would have stayed at home" 则为"主句。
* 无论"从句"或"主句"的谓语都要用虚拟语气。它们所用的动词有三种时态(Tenses)，就是：现在时态、过去时态、将来时态。
* 句型：
8.1　与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内):
　从句：if + 主语 + 动词的过去式(be 用 were) + ……
　主句：主语 + would (should, could , might) + 动词原形 + ……
1.If I were you, I would go with him.
　(从句 If I were you, 主句 I would go with him.)
2.If I were you, I should buy it.
　(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形 buy)
3.If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。）
　（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形 study）
4. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)
　(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)
　注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语 + would be + 进行式动词 + ……"
5. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 
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　(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用 would be speaking)
8.2　与过去事实相反的假设(假设从句的事实为过去的事)：
　从句：If + 主语 + had +过去完成式动词 + ……
　主句：主语 + would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词 +……
1. If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.
　(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)
　如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
2. If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.
　(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)
　如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。
3. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
　(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用 have caught)
　如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。
4. If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.
　(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用 have skied)
　如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。
　注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："I主语 + would + have + 完成进行式动词+……

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高中英语语法 谈谈虚拟语气