高中英语语法 谈谈虚拟语气

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5.If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.
　(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用 have been speaking) 
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8.3　与将来的事实可能相反(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)：
　　从句：If + 主语 + should (或were) + 动词原形 +……
　　主句：主语 + would (could, should, might) + 动词原形 +……
1. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
　(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用 be)
　如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。
2. If he　were to go　fomorrow, he might tell you.
　(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用 tell)
　如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。
3.If he were here, I would give him the books.
　(从句动词用 were, 主句动词用 give)
　如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。
　注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用："If + 主语 + 过去进行式动词+……"
4.If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.
　(从句动词用 were staying, 主句动词用 let)
　如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。
8.4 从句的 If 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were, had, should)就得移到主语前面：
1.原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
　去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)
2.原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it. 
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　去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)
8.5　有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you.(只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有从句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)
8.6 有时虚拟条件句的从句和主句地动词动作时态会不一致：
8.6.1 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
8.6.2　从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
8.6.3 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.
8.6.4　从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(八)
九、其他虚拟语气在句子中的应用：
9.1 用as if (或 as though 好象) 的状语从句，表示与事实相反：
1. He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.
　（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设） 
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　他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。
2. The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.
　(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)
　那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。
3. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
　(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)
　他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
9.2　用 had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情。其宾语从句的谓语要用"would + 动词原形"：
　1. I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。
9.3　用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有"，表示条件虚拟句：
1.Without air, nothing could live.
　要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。
2.But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.
　要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。
3.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
　如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。

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高中英语语法 谈谈虚拟语气